Ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emission from pig slurry applied to a pasture in New Zealand

J Environ Qual. 2002 Sep-Oct;31(5):1491-501. doi: 10.2134/jeq2002.1491.

Abstract

Much animal manure is being applied to small land areas close to animal confinements, resulting in environmental degradation. This paper reports a study on the emissions of ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a pasture during a 90-d period after pig slurry application (60 m3 ha-1) to the soil surface. The pig slurry contained 6.1 kg total N m-3, 4.2 kg of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN = NH3 + NH4) m-3, and 22.1 kg C m-3, and had a pH of 8.14. Ammonia was lost at a fast rate immediately after slurry application (4.7 kg N ha-1 h-1), when the pH and TAN concentration of the surface soil were high, but the loss rate declined quickly thereafter. Total NH3 losses from the treated pasture were 57 kg N ha-1 (22.5% of the TAN applied). Methane emission was highest (39.6 g C ha-1 h-1) immediately after application, as dissolved CH4 was released from the slurry. Emissions then continued at a low rate for approximately 7 d, presumably due to metabolism of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic slurry-treated soil. The net CH4 emission was 1052 g C ha-1 (0.08% of the carbon applied). Nitrous oxide emission was low for the first 14 d after slurry application, then showed emission peaks of 7.5 g N ha-1 h-1 on Day 25 and 15.8 g N ha-1 h-1 on Day 67, and decline depending on rainfall and nitrate (NO3) concentrations. Emission finally reached background levels after approximately 90 d. Nitrous oxide emission was 7.6 kg N ha-1 (2.1% of the N applied). It is apparent that of the two major greenhouse gases measured in this study, N2O is by far the more important tropospheric pollutant.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Agriculture
  • Air Pollutants / analysis*
  • Ammonia / analysis*
  • Animals
  • Manure*
  • Methane / analysis*
  • Nitrous Oxide / analysis*
  • Refuse Disposal*
  • Soil
  • Swine
  • Volatilization

Substances

  • Air Pollutants
  • Manure
  • Soil
  • Ammonia
  • Nitrous Oxide
  • Methane