Mesoporous carbonaceous materials with relatively high surface area have been synthesized by a new method composed of in situ polymerization of divinylbenzene in the hydrophobic phase of a hexagonally arrayed micelle/silicate nanocomposite and subsequent carbonization and hydrofluoric acid treatments, while rod-like carbons were obtained from a direct incorporation of divinylbenzene into the mesopores of MCM-41.