PIP: Community health practitioners have been working to provide comprehensive health care for rural residents for the last 2 years. The community health practitioners' activities for providing maternal and child health and family planning services were examined because the maternal and child health and family planning practice rate among the eligible population is known to be very low in rural areas. Therefore, a study of new mothers, infants, and pregnant women was carried out. This study aimed to grasp the utilization pattern of health facilities by the target population for receiving maternal and child health and family planning care, and also, indirectly, to assess the community health practitioners' activities. The major findings are: it appeared that attendance at birth by lay persons was higher than that of health professionals; the eligible women's behaviors were not changed by receiving proper prenatal and postnatal care; the child care rate for children under 2 years of age was very low, but the basic immunization rate, such as B.C.G., D.P.T., and poliomyelitis, was greatly increased compared with the rate before the assignment of community health practitioners (this result is not higher than the nationwide rate); and the family planning practice rate was similar to the nationwide practice rate. In conclusion, maternal and child health and family planning services by community health practitioners were improved. Community health practitioners' activities, however, are still required for more improvement of maternal and child health services. To increase the service coverage, a management system for health care, particularly a team work approach for primary health care personnel at various levels should be improved as soon as possible.