Some cationic species (Ca, Mg, Sr, Cu, Zn and Pb) have been determined in temporary teeth (n = 67) sampled from a children population living in Mérida, Venezuela, with a mean age of 87.76 +/- 34.50 months within a range from 29 to 151 months. Each powdered tooth sample was analyzed for calcium, magnesium, strontium and zinc and for copper and lead by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization, respectively. Relations between variables (elements concentration, age, sex, tooth type and caries status) were established using the Pearson correlation matrix and analysis of variance. The mean global concentrations were of 39.25 +/- 5.36; 1.08 +/- 0.81; 89.27 +/- 13.26 and 2.85 +/- 1.14 micrograms/g for Sr, Cu, Zn and Pb and of 208.45 +/- 33.18 and 8.51 +/- 2.05 mg/g for Ca and Mg, respectively. There were no changes in the teeth mineral content with respect to the children age and sex. With respect to the tooth type, there were significant differences only for strontium which varied in the order molars > canines > incisors. Although healthy teeth had higher mineral concentrations than carious teeth, there were not significant differences, proving that both, carious and healthy teeth could be used as indicators of mineral uptake. Magnesium and copper are the elements least related with the others. Significant positive correlations were found between Sr-Zn, Sr-Cu, Sr-Pb, and the only negative correlations were between Ca-Zn and Ca-Pb for the different types of teeth. While the positive association might indicate competition for anionic groups or similar affinity for the same sites in the crystalline structure, the negative correlations showed possible substitutions among the elements.