Introduction: Thalamic tumors are typical deep brain tumors; their incidence is not precisely known because of the different definition criteria. However, taking only lesions arising in the thalami into consideration (and excluding those secondarily involving the thalami from adjacent structures) approximately 40% of thalamic tumors affect patients under 18 years of age and thalamic neoplasms account for 2-5% of all intracranial tumors in children.
Materials and methods: In the present paper we have focused attention on the neuroimaging features of thalamic tumors in a pediatric population; based upon personal experience, we suggest a rational neuroradiological approach to the diagnostic evaluation, describe CT and MRI findings of the most common tumors, and attempt to define basic patterns in order to provide the most reliable "pathological" diagnosis.