The cytoprotective effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) are similar to glucocorticoids. We investigated the effects of GL on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and on the enzyme activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), an hepatocyte-specific marker of glucocorticoid action, in rat hepatocytes. Pretreatment with GL significantly decreased the affinity of GRs for dexamethasone (DEX) and increased the period of time required for TAT activity to reach a peak after the addition of DEX. GL did not affect the amount of GR, but significantly decreased the amount of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HSP90-associated GR. Alternatively, TAT activity and TAT mRNA levels increased significantly after the addition of GL to hepatocytes pretreated with DEX. In conclusion, GL reduces the affinity of GRs for ligands through the decreased HSP90 expression, but significantly enhances the glucocorticoid-induced TAT-gene expression at the transcriptional level in rat hepatocytes.