Objective: We report 10 cases of histoplasmosis with oral manifestations seen in a teaching hospital in Brazil.
Study design: This is a retrospective study of the sociodemographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment data of these cases.
Results: Overall, 8 of 10 cases were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas 2 were negative. The predominant oral manifestations found in HIV-seropositive patients were ulcers, oral pain, and odynophagia; both of the HIV-seronegative patients were symptom-free. HIV infection was suspected in 7 cases because of the presence of oral lesions of histoplasmosis. Asthenia, fever, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly were found only in HIV-seropositive patients. Radiographs in 3 out of 10 patients suggested pulmonary involvement. Amphotericin B was the antifungal therapy chosen, and clinical remission of oral lesions occurred in an average of 30 days (accumulated doses: 500-1500 mg). Itraconazole was very effective as a follow-up treatment in terms of prevention of recurrence.
Conclusion: Histoplasmosis only rarely affects HIV-seronegative patients; however, the possibility of hidden immunodepression should be considered when oral manifestations of histoplasmosis are present.