CpG DNA: recognition by and activation of monocytes

Microbes Infect. 2002 Jul;4(9):897-901. doi: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01614-3.

Abstract

Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA rapidly trigger an innate immune response characterized by the activation of Ig- and cytokine-secreting cells. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG motifs mimic this activity, triggering monocytes to proliferate, secrete and/or differentiate. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODNs led to the identification of two structurally distinct classes of CpG motif that differentially activate human monocytes. ODNs of the "K"-type interact with Toll-like receptor 9 and induce monocytes to proliferate and secrete IL-6. In contrast, "D"-type ODNs trigger monocytes to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • CpG Islands / immunology*
  • DNA Methylation
  • DNA, Bacterial / immunology*
  • DNA, Bacterial / physiology
  • Drosophila Proteins*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology*
  • Immunization
  • Lymphocyte Activation*
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism
  • Monocytes / immunology*
  • Monocytes / microbiology
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / immunology
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Toll-Like Receptors

Substances

  • DNA, Bacterial
  • Drosophila Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • TLR9 protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptor 9
  • Toll-Like Receptors