Our study focuses on the antineoplasmic action of hyperthermia. In this study, use of a heat-generating cement was exploited for the management of pathological and impending fractures in malignancies. The cement contains magnetic powder in ceramic particles and generates well-regulated heat when a magnetic field is applied externally. Eighteen rabbits were inoculated with blocks of VX2 tumor into one of their tibia. One week after the procedure, 9 rabbits were exposed to a magnetic field (HT group) while the remaining 9 rabbits were not (non-HT group). In rabbits killed between 20 and 42 days after the VX2 inoculation, the circumference of the operated leg was 7.9 +/- 0.3 cm and 10.2 +/- 1.0 cm (mean +/- SE) in HT and non-HT groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Histological findings revealed the regressive change in tumor tissue of the HT group. By radiographs, pathological fractures and cortical bone destruction were seen in 5 and 8 rabbits in the non-HT group, respectively, but in the HT group these effects were absent in all the rabbits except 1 in which a definite diagnosis has not been made. Our findings demonstrate that controlled hyperthermia therapy using a newly developed bone cement suppresses tumor growth and prevents local bone destruction caused by VX2 tumors.