Two surgical cases of synchronous double esophageal and gastric cancer, both of which revealed a superficial type were investigated. The first case was a 58 years old man, who was found to have an abnormal gastric shadow on mass screening. Gastrointestinal examination revealed a synchronous double cancer of the esophagus (Mt-Lt, m) and stomach (L, m). An endoscopic mucosal resection was performed on the gastric cancer and after 3 weeks a blunt dissection on the esophageal cancer was performed and the gastric tube was reconstructed. The second case was a 65 years old man, who was found to have an ulcerative esophageal tumor (Ut, type 2) and a gastric tumor (M, 0-II c) at the anterior wall of the upper body on gastrointestinal examination for a complaint of hematemesis. A subtotal esophagectomy and a lymph node dissection was performed in which reconstruction was made by using a gastric tube avoiding the gastric cancer lesion. We also reviewed previous reports of 22 cases that had synchronous superficial esophageal and gastric cancer, and discussed the indications and methods of operation.