Bronchiectasis is a structural derangement of the bronchial wall that is characterized by airway dilatation and bronchial wall thickening. As a result of this abnormality, chronic inflammation and secondary microbial infections occur, which cause additional damage to the bronchi. Recent insights into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of bronchiectasis, as well as improvements in computed tomography and the development of new pharmacological agents, might help to improve the clinical management of this chronic infective/inflammatory disorder.