Absolute TiN(111) step energies from analysis of anisotropic island shape fluctuations

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Apr 8;88(14):146101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.146101. Epub 2002 Mar 20.

Abstract

In situ high-temperature (1165-1248 K) scanning tunneling microscopy was used to measure fluctuations around the equilibrium shape of two-dimensional vacancy islands on TiN(111) terraces. From the equilibrium shape, the ratio of the two <110> step energies was found to be 0.72 +/- 0.02. Combining this with the results of an exact approach for analysis of shape fluctuations, applicable to highly anisotropic islands, we obtain absolute values for step energies and step stiffnesses as a function of orientation.