Rhabdomyoma is the most common cardiac neoplasm in neonates. Spontaneous regression of such tumors is common, particularly with smaller lesions, followed by resolution of symptoms. Because most of the tumoral masses regress spontaneously, treatment should primarily be symptomatic, while surgical removal is required only in life-threatening situations. Tuberous sclerosis is found in half of the patients with rhabdomyomas.
Aim: The aim of our work was to analyze the cases of rhabdomyoma with neonatal presentation in our hospital.
Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the hospital records (cardiovascular examination, radiologic and echocardiographic findings, association with tuberous sclerosis, treatment and follow-up) of all neonates admitted, during the last 12 years, with the diagnosis of rhabdomyoma.
Results: Six patients were found. All diagnoses were established during the first month of life. One third of our population had associated tuberous sclerosis. In three cases the tumors were multiple and the preferential location was the left ventricle. In only one case was surgical removal indicated because of the presence of life-threatening symptoms but the infant's parents refused consent for the procedure. All the children had regression of the tumoral masses.
Conclusions: The natural history of rhabdomyomas is one of spontaneous regression with surgical excision being recommended only in the presence of life-threatening symptoms.