1. Bioterrorism is the intentional release of a biological agent--bacterial, viral, or genetically altered--to instill fear or create chaos, massive casualities, illness, and death in humans, animals, or plants. 2. The threat of bioterrorism is real. Although every community is vulnerable, terrorists seek densely populated, highly visible targets. 3. Occupational and environmental health nurses must to be able to recognize and report signs and symptoms of an early bioweapons outbreak in their workplaces and communities. Only thorough preparedness and planning will result in effective mitigation and treatment. 4. The Bioterrorism Readiness Plan (at http://www.apic.org and http://www.CDC.gov/ncidod/hip) is a template for health care professionals to help plan a realistic response to bioterrorism. It serves as a tool for successful collaboration and communication among all disciplines and public health agencies for the best possible outcomes.