Chronic renal failure and arterial hypertension run in parallel. New goal BP levels have been established as 130/85 mm Hg and 125/75 mm Hg, depending on whether the level of proteinuria is less than or greater than 1 g/d. New and lower threshold BP (> 130/85 mm Hg) to initiate pharmacologic therapy is required in the presence of renal failure, to facilitate the strict BP control that is required. Hence, it is necessary to consider that both renal and cardiovascular protection are obtained with strict BP control, which otherwise seems to require blockade of angiotensin II effects when proteinuria above 1 g/d is present.