Aiming to study the effectiveness of medical therapy in cryptorchidism, a computerised Medline research from 1985 to 1999 on the thesaurus word "cryptorchidism" with the filter "drug therapy" was conducted. Of the 147 papers thus retrieved, only those dealing with more than 50 patients were considered. Factors studied were: ultimate aims of therapy, different drugs and/or associations used, suggested age of treatment, dosages and cycles, anatomical position of the testis, mono- or bilaterality of cryptorchidism. For every considered factor results heavily conflicting were found. According to the various Authors, medical treatment has different goals: not only to induce testicular descent but also to improve testicular trophism, to help in diagnosis and/or in surgical treatment, to increase postsurgical fertility, to reduce neoplastic risks, to reduce the psychological stress. About relative effectiveness of drugs, hCG seems to be more effective than LH-RH in most papers; the latter resulted slightly more effective than placebo (from 37% vs 18% to 9% vs 8%). Suggested age for treatment goes from less than 6 months to more than 6 years. In relation to the position, non palpable testes resulted almost uniformly not responding to the therapy, while testes in prescrotal position responded from 17% to 100%. According to the mono- or bilaterality of the lesion, results vary respectively from 58% vs 50% to 14% vs 64%. Relapse rate as well shows a variability from 10% to 63%; effectiveness of a second treatment in such cases goes from 0% to 100%. Drawing definite conclusions from this analysis turned out to be impossible because of the steady high variability in published results, leaving at the end of the day an unappealing sensation of "vanitas" (vacuity).