The incidence of malignant melanoma is rising at a rapid pace. Since sun exposure is felt to be a causative factor for melanoma, it is necessary for Louisiana residents and physicians to have a heightened awareness about this tumor. Therefore, this article reviews the standard approach to prevention, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of melanoma. At the same time, new concepts in melanoma care are discussed, including sentinel lymph node mapping, immunotherapy, and melanoma vaccines.