4Pi-confocal microscopy of live cells

Ultramicroscopy. 2001 Apr;87(3):155-64. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3991(00)00092-9.

Abstract

By coherently adding the spherical wavefronts of two opposing lenses, two-photon excitation 4Pi-confocal fluorescence microscopy has achieved three-dimensional imaging with an axial resolution 3-7 times better than confocal microscopy. So far this improvement was possible only in glycerol-mounted, fixed cells. Here we report 4Pi-confocal microscopy of watery objects and its application to the imaging of live cells. Water immersion of 4Pi-confocal microscopy of membrane stained live Escherichia coli bacteria attains a 4.3-fold better axial resolution as compared to the best water immersion confocal microscope. The resolution enhancement results into a vastly improved three-dimensional representation of the bacteria. The first images of live biological samples with an all-directional resolution in the 190-280 nm range are presented here, thus establishing a new resolution benchmark in live-cell microscopy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Escherichia coli / ultrastructure
  • Microscopy, Confocal*