Breast conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy became widely accepted in the last two decades for the treatment of early invasive breast cancer. In spite of adequate surgery and radiotherapy, the rate of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence is approximately 10%. In such cases salvage mastectomy is the standard treatment, however wide reexcision of the recurrent tumor is also a reasonable option for selected patients. The risk of second local relapse is higher following further breast conservation compared to mastectomy. The authors report the technique of tumor reexcision combined with intraoperative implantation and perioperative high dose rate (HDR) bracytherapy of the tumor bed for the salvage of recurrence in a previously irradiated breast. One can perform two operative interventions at the same time with this method. Irradiation can be started safely within 48 hours after surgery. A review of the literature is also performed by the authors to demonstrate the role and indication of perioperative brachytherapy in the treatment of breast tumor relapse and other cancer recurrences. Reexcision is a practicable alternative to mastectomy for solitary, parenchymal breast tumor relapse measured 2 cm or less in diameter. Perioperative brachytherapy may decrease the risk of second relapse without increasing radiation side effects. Further prospective study is required to define the value of the prescribed method in comparison with salvage mastectomy.