Continuous flow stable isotope methods for study of delta(13)C fractionation during halomethane production and degradation

Abstract

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/MS/IRMS) methods for delta(13)C measurement of the halomethanes CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and methanethiol (CH(3)SH) during studies of their biological production, biological degradation, and abiotic reactions are presented. Optimisation of gas chromatographic parameters allowed the identification and quantification of CO(2), O(2), CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and CH(3)SH from a single sample, and also the concurrent measurement of delta(13)C for each of the halomethanes and methanethiol. Precision of delta(13)C measurements for halomethane standards decreased (+/-0.3, +/-0.5 and +/-1.3 per thousand) with increasing mass (CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I, respectively). Given that carbon isotope effects during biological production, biological degradation and some chemical (abiotic) reactions can be as much as 100 per thousand, stable isotope analysis offers a precise method to study the global sources and sinks of these halogenated compounds that are of considerable importance to our understanding of stratospheric ozone destruction.