Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is characterized by the substitution of renal parenchyma with multiple cysts in patients either with end stage renal disease who are treated for uremia with dialysis (as on haemodialysis--HD--as on peritoneal dialysis--PD) due to non cystic kidney diseases. The aim of our study was to value the prevalence of ACKD in our haemodialysed patients (with exclusion of polycystic disease and obstructive nephropathy), its relationship between clinical and bioumoral parameters, and its complications in the follow-up. We have studied 56 uremic patients (32f and 24m) on bicarbonate HD three in a week. All our patients underwent renal echography using ECO B mode ALOKA SSD500 with electronic convex sector probe 3.5 MHz for to diagnose ACKD. We divided the population of the study in two groups: the group A includes 23 patients with ACKD; the group B includes 33 patients without ACKD. We analyzed in all patients body mass index (BMI), protein catabolic rate normalized (nPCR), dialitic adequacy index (KT/V), Hb, the serum levels of EPO by ELISA test (MEDAL GmbH, GE, Diagnostika, Hamburg; normal values 5 divided by 30 mUI/ml). We have found a prevalence of 42% for ACKD and statistical significance between the two groups for the duration of HD and BMI (Anova p < 0.01). The EPO serum concentration was higher in the group A (p < 0.05), while their rhuEPO requirement was lower. In two patients of group with ACKD we have found renal carcinoma. In conclusion, by our experience should be opportune to carry out a renal echography at the start of dialysis treatment and every six months for patients with ACKD and every year for those without ACKD. It is necessary to perform the echography of the kidney in all uremic patients before the start of haemo or peritoneal dialysis and report this examination in those patients with ACKD every six months and every year in those without ACKD.