Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been used to warrant the success of artificial insemination by accurately timing occurrence of ovulation. In practical conditions, GnRH may be administered too late, after ovulation, with an eventual reduction in pregnancy rate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GnRH administration after ovulation would have a negative effect on luteal function. Three cows and six heifers of the Finnish Ayrshire breed were used. Oestruses were synchronised. After detection of ovulation, one of the following treatments was implemented: gonadorelin (250 microg, i.m.) at either 0-24h (T1) or 24-48h (T2) post-ovulation or control (no gonadorelin, C). Every animal was assigned once to each of these three manipulations. Ultrasonography was performed on days 1, 4 or 5, 7 or 8, 11 or 12, 14 or 15 post-ovulation and daily from the beginning of the next oestrous signs until ovulation (day 0=day of ovulation). Blood samples for progesterone (P(4)) determinations were collected daily from day 1 after the occurrence of ovulation until recording of the next oestrus. Administration of GnRH during metoestrus did not induce ovulation of either large or small follicles and, thus, no accessory corpora lutea (CL) were formed. In T1, on day 14 or 15, the diameter of CL was 1.3+/-0.3mm smaller than in C (P<0.01), but no differences were found either on days 11 or 12 or on the same days of the T2 and C treatments. No significant differences in levels or profiles of P(4) curves were found between GnRH treatments and control. Neither had the treatments any effects on the length of the oestrous cycle. In conclusion, GnRH treatment during metoestrus does not seem to alter subsequent luteal function and, thus, this does not explain previous reports of reduced fertility post-treatment.