The purpose of this study is to ascertain the role of neck surgery and radiation therapy for cervical lymph node metastasis in oropharyngeal cancer patients. We reviewed 217 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx who were treated at the Cancer Institute Hospital in Tokyo between 1971 and 1995. The N stage distribution was; N0: 83(38.2%), N1: 42(19.4%), N2a: 23(10.6%), N2b: 27(12.4%), N2c: 33(15.2%), and N3: 9(4.2%). A predominance of cervical node metastases in level II and III was revealed and there were no skip metastases outside of level II and III. The control rate of cervical metastasis for each N stage was; N0: 96.9%, N1: 90.0%, N2a: 76.5%, N2b: 62.5%, N2c: 50.0%, and N3: 0%. Definitive irradiation provided sufficient treatment for small nodes, when the primary tumor growth was well controlled by radiation therapy. Neck dissection was necessary for more advanced neck metastases. Selective limited neck dissection (level II and III) is recommended for N0 and N1 patients, and modified or classical RND is considered to be better for most cases with N2 and N3.