Esopharyngolaryngeal resection for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus must be accompanied by resection of the thyroid gland, parathyroid bodies, and regional lymph nodes. In order to reduce long-term morbidity associated with the procedure, we performed parathyroid autotransplantation in two patients who underwent esophagolaryngeal resections. Grafting of the upper two parathyroid glands into the sternocleidomastoid muscle was carried out successfully in both cases. Graft function was rapidly restored. During the third postoperative week, blood levels of intact parathormone (PTH) reached 20 pg ml(-1) in the first case and 15 pg ml(-1) in the second, and the patients were successfully weaned off calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Parathyroid autotransplantation should be attempted in all cases of esophagolaryngeal resections provided that parathyroid glands are free of malignancy.