The authors point out the results of some multidisciplinary epidemiological researches concerning the relation between the multifactorial etiology of arterial hypertension (AHT) in employers working in two factories and the nature of physical activity. The results show that the highest percentage of AHT cases is in the persons which do not have physical activity (occupational, housing or leisure). The women with AHT, which are frequently supra-ponderously, make a low level of physical activity. They have effort respiratory modifications in 40% of cases. The decreasing interest for control and prevention of health risks of the level of occupational health services has medical and social negative effects on long term.