It occasionally happens that patients don't suspect to have malaria and diagnosis becomes difficult for the Emergency Department physicians. Since September 1995 to February 1999, 8 cases of malaria have been diagnosed in our first aid station; 5 occurred in european and 3 in extraeuropean immigrants. Incidence of imported malaria was greater after holiday period for european, and equally distributed along the year for immigrants. Patients' provenience was sub-Saharian Africa and Asia. Standard blood examination and thick and thin blood smears were performed showing P. falciparum and P. malariae infection. All patients were successfully treated with mefloquine as recommended. The aspecificity of the symptoms and signs makes diagnosis difficult if malaria is not suspected, in presence of fever in people returning from the tropics. Even in presence of symptoms and abnormal laboratory examinations, diagnosis is possible only with microscopic blood examination.