Changes of neurons of dorsal motor nucleus of nervus vagus were studied in adaptation to hypoxia, experimental diabetes mellitus and its correction by means of interrupted hypoxic effects. It was established previously that interrupted hypoxic training exerted stimulating effect on insulin synthesizing function of pancreas. As a result of the present study the increase of morphofunctional activity of neurons was found in all experimental series although it was greater manifested in animals with experimental diabetes mellitus who were subjected to actions of hypoxia. The changes of morphofunctional activity of dorsal motor nucleus of nervus vagus established allow to conclude on the significant role these structure plays in realization of stimulating effect of interrupted actions of hypoxia on the state of insulin synthesizing function of pancreas and clinical characteristics of the experimental diabetes mellitus.