Heat treatment is increasingly being introduced to fermented meat processing, since the acid tolerance properties of Escherichia coli O157:H7 can permit this organism to survive traditional processing procedures. This study investigated the effect of growth pH and fermentation on the thermotolerance at 55 degrees C of E. coli O157:H7 in a model fermented meat system. E. coli O157:H7 (strain 380-94) was grown at pH 5.6 or 7.4 (18 h at 37 degrees C), fermented to pH 4.8 or 4.4 in brain heart infusion broth, and stored for 96 h. Cells grown at pH 5.6 had higher D values at 55 degrees C (D55 degrees C) than cells grown at pH 7.4 (P < 0.001). Cells fermented to pH 4.8 had higher D55 degrees C than those fermented to pH 4.4 (P < 0.001). Cells fermented to pH 4.8 demonstrated an increase in D55 degrees C during storage (P < 0.001), whereas cells fermented to pH 4.4 showed a decrease in D55 degrees C during the same period (P < 0.001). The effect of growth pH on verotoxin production by E. coli O157:H7 was assessed using the verotoxin assay. Cells grown at pH 5.6 had lower verotoxin production then cells grown at pH 7.4. This effect was not sustained over storage. These results indicate that a lower growth pH can confer cross-protection against heat. This has implications for the production of acidic foods, such as fermented meat, during which a heating step may be used to improve product safety.