2-butoxyethanol, used extensively for domestic and industrial purposes, was tested in our experiments for its potential to cause damage to female rat ocular tissues. Female rats were previously found to be particularly sensitive to 2-butoxyethanol. A group of eight female F344 rats (2 - 3 months old) were exposed by gavage to 250 mg of 2-butoxyethanol/kg b.w. per day for 3 consecutive days and sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. Eight female rats received the dosing vehicle (water) and served as controls. At necropsy, petechial hemorrhages were noted on the sclera. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related effects in the eyes, in addition to other known effects of BE exposure such as disseminated thrombosis and necrosis and infarction in various organs. The spectrum of histopathological changes noted in the eyes included hemorrhages localized in the posterior layers of the retina, leading to photoreceptor degeneration. Thrombi were identified in ciliary processes and limbal blood vessels. Histological changes suggestive of the retinal ischemic-infarctive process were also noted. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of 2-butoxyethanol-induced retinopathy are discussed.