The aim of this study was to determine whether the large investments in vocational rehabilitation made in Sweden during the 1990s had improved the level of return to work for young employees and to study the factors predicting return to work. The study population comprised all employees under 30 years of age whose reports on work-related disorders were under consideration at regional social insurance offices in Västerbotten county in 1990 and 1994 (n = 266). Between these years, increased efforts were made by the Swedish government to improve vocational rehabilitation. Data was collected from the register and by means of questionnaires. It was found that employees with musculoskeletal disorders were more likely to return to work during periods of intensive vocational rehabilitation. No increase in the level of return to work was apparent if all disorders were considered. Men showed a higher level of return to work than women, although women were better educated.