The authors present their experience with the follow-up of 60 cases of Crohn's disease, from 1970 until 1998, in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, a county of the Southeast region of Brazil, and analyse the epidemiology of disease to improve the understanding of its behaviour in the country. The incidence rates increased greatly in the last 28 years. In the group studied 53.3% were men, 90% white, 71.7% non-smokers, 93.3% non-alcoholics, and all, but two, lived in urban area; 58.3% had their symptoms started at the age between 11 and 30 years and 30% were in the second decade of life. Relatives with Crohn's disease were seen in 6.7%, and the most common symptoms observed at the beginning of disease were: abdominal pain (78.3%), diarrhea (68.3%), weight loss (26.7%) and small bowel obstruction or localized peritonitis (15%). The ileum was involved in 90% and five cases (8.3%) with lesions restricted to the colon were observed. Two patients died because they were non-responders despite any therapy schedule and had sepsis after surgery. The effect of several substances used in the treatment is described, being prednisone the most effective in controlling the active disease. Other drugs as aminosalicilates, metronidazol and immunomodulators are also considered to avoid the side-effects of long-term use of steroides. Comments are made about the clinical evolution, surgeries and response to many treatments adopted. The authors conclude that Crohn's disease is increasing its incidence rate in Brazil and probably in South America formerly considered as a region of low frequency.