Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is an often misdiagnosed and evasive compression neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve and its branches (Muhammed et al., 1995). A variety of causes may lead to the development of this painful foot condition. An awareness of the anatomy and physiology of TTS will allow for its increased recognition and treatment. Nurses in clinical settings such as ambulatory centers, physician offices, and acute care settings (especially orthopaedics and rheumatology units) will be able to apply this information in their practices.