Background: At present the hormonal replacement therapy on postmenopausal women with uterus needs the use of progestins additionally to estrogens, to eliminate the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma connected with the use of estrogens alone. The check of the endometrium during these therapies can be made by transvaginal ultrasound that permits the evaluation of the thickness, structure, and contour of the endometrial rima. The aim of this study was to establish the changes of endometrial thickness during cyclic sequential hormonal replacement therapy on healthy postmenopausal women with transvaginal ultrasound.
Methods: The endometrial thickness with transvaginal ultrasound has been evaluated during the cyclic sequential hormonal replacement therapy on 20 healthy women in physiological menopause before the treatment, during the phase of treatment with estrogens alone and during the phase of treatment with the addition of the progestins.
Results: Significant differences during the estrogenic phase compared to before treatment have been underlined (5.7 mm vs 3.5 mm p = 0.002), but not during progestinic phase compared to estrogenic (6 mm vs 5.7 mm p = 0.712).
Conclusions: Transvaginal ultrasound is a useful investigation to evaluate the modifications of the thickness and structure of the endometrium during hormonal replacement therapy and can help early diagnosis of endometrial diseases during these treatments.