Viral arthritis occurs transiently in most cases, because the infection is self limiting. The arthropathy associated with human parvovirus B19, however, often lasts for more than 2 years and their clinical symptoms may resemble with those of rheumatoid arthritis. Data have been accumulating for the link of B19 infection with chronic polyarthropathy or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and we discuss the possible mechanism for the role of B19 in the etiopathology of RA.