Large capacitive loading of electrodes induces massive error current and imperfect settling in the electrochemical signal acquisition process, leading to inaccurate acquisition results. To efficiently mitigate this inaccuracy, this paper presents a current-and-voltage dual-mode acquisition technique in which a voltage front-end (VFE) is employed to acquire the electrode voltage error and compensate the nonlinearity induced by the electrode capacitive loading. Therefore, the gain and bandwidth requirements of the current front end (CFE) can be relaxed to reduce the complexity and power consumption. With a relieved gain requirement, an inverter-based capacitive trans-impedance amplifier (IB-CTIA) is adopted to boost the input transconductance for low-noise design. By reusing the supply current, the IB-CTIA effectively achieves a low input-referred current noise of 3.9 pArms and a dynamic range (DR) of 126 dB with only 18-μW static power. The prototype chip is fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process. Interleukin-6 immunoassays (IL-6) are implemented to verify the chip's performance. With the proposed nonlinear error compensation, the correlation coefficient of the detection result is improved from 0.951 to 0.980 and the limit of detection (LoD) is reduced from 8.31 pg/mL to 6.90 pg/mL.